This graphics library allows you to draw colorful pictures on the computer. To use the graphics library, first import it:
from graphics import *
Here is a short example showing how to create a new graphics window object and then create and draw a circle within this window:
win = GraphWin("Graphics!", 500, 500) # creates new GraphWin object, 500x500 pixels in size
win.setCoords(0, 0, 500, 500) # places the origin in lower left corner
win.setBackground("blue") # set the background color to blue
cp = Point(50,50) # creates a Point at 50,50
circ = Circle(cp, 20) # creates a Circle centered at point cp with radius of 20
circ.setFill("red") # fills the Circle with the color red
circ.draw(win) # draws the Circle in the window
Use the GraphWin to create a canvas on which to draw other objects.
GraphWin(title, width, height)
# Sets the coordinate system of the window so that the lower
# left corner is at (xll, yll) and the upper right corner is
# at (xur, yur)
setCoords(xll, yll, xur, yur)
close()
getHeight()
getWidth()
getMouse() # wait for mouse click and return Point obj representing click location
setBackground(color) # color could be something like "red"
The Point is a building block for all of the other more complicated graphical objects, such as Lines, Circles, and Rectangles.
Point(x, y)
getX() # the int value of the Point's x-coordinate
getY() # the int value of the Point's y-coordinate
----------------------- Methods common to all Graphics Object classes:
draw(graphwin): # Draw the object in a graphics window
move(dx, dy): # move object dx units in x and dy units in y direction
setFill(color): # Set interior color to the given color
setOutline(color): # Set outline color to the given color
setWidth(width): # Set line weight to width
undraw(): # Undraw the object (i.e. hide it)
Example: p1 = Point(300, 450) p1.draw(mywin) x1 = p1.getX() x2 = p1.getY() p2 = p1.clone() p2.move(100,20) p2.draw(mywin)
A Line is defined by two points.
Line(p1, p2) # p1 and p2 are the end Points of the line
clone()
getCenter() # returns a Point object corresponding to the Line's center
getP1() # get one end-point Point object
getP2() # get the other Point object
draw(graphwin)
move(dx, dy)
setFill(color)
setOutline(color)
setWidth(width)
Example: longline = Line(Point(0, 250), Point(500, 250)) longline.setWidth(5) longline.draw(mywin)
A Rectangle is defined by two points at opposite corners.
Rectangle( p1, p2) # p1 and p2 are points for upper left and lower right
clone()
getCenter() # returns a Point object corresponding to the center
getP1() # returns the upper left corner Point
getP2() # returns the lower right corner Point
draw(graphwin)
move(dx, dy)
setFill(color)
setOutline(color)
setWidth(width)
undraw()
Example: square = Rectangle(Point(100, 100), Point(200, 200)) square.draw(mywin)
A Circle is defined by its center point and raidus.
Circle(p1, radius) # p1 is a Point at the center of the circle, radius is an int
clone()
getCenter() # returns the Point object describing the Circle's center
getRadius() # returns the int value of the Circle's radius
draw(graphwin)
move(dx, dy)
setFill(color)
setOutline(color)
setWidth(width)
undraw()
Example:
center = Point(100, 100)
radius = 35
sun = Circle(center, radius)
sun.setFill("yellow")
sun.setOutline("yellow")
sun.draw(mywin)
An Oval is defined by two points that set the opposite corners of a bounding box.
Oval(p1, p2) # p1 and p2 are Points of opposite corners of bounding rectangle
clone()
getCenter()
getP1()
getP2()
draw(graphwin)
move(dx, dy)
setFill(color)
setOutline(color)
setWidth(width)
A Polygon is a many sided shape defined by a list of points. The Polygon is drawn by connecting each point in succession and finally connecting the last point to the first.
Polygon([point1, point2, ..., pointn])
getPoints() # return a list of Points in the polygon
clone()
draw(graphwin)
move(dx, dy)
setFill(color)
setOutline(color)
setWidth(width)
undraw()
Example (a triangle):
tri = Polygon([Point(10,20), Point(10,60), Point(30,40)])
tri.setOutline("pink")
tri.setFill("blue")
tri.draw(mywin)
A Text object is used to create a text box on the graphical window.
Text(p, text) # p is center point and text is string
clone()
getAnchor() # returns clone of anchor point
getText() # get the text of this Text Object
setText(text) # change text of given object
setTextColor(color)
setFace(family) # set font face, ex. "arial" "courier"
setSize(size) # set font size (5-36 are legal)
setStyle(style) # set font style ex. "bold" "italic"
draw(graphwin)
move(dx, dy)
setFill(color)
setOutline(color)
setWidth(width)
undraw()
Example:
message = Text(Point(300, 100), "Hello World!")
message.setSize(24)
message.setTextColor("red")
message.draw(mywin)
You can use the color_rgb() function to create colors based on different amounts of red, green, and blue. Here's an example of how it's used:
p = Point(100,200) c = Circle(p, 50) mycolor = color_rgb(100,200,0) c.setFill(mycolor)
In the above example, the arguments to color_rgb() are integers representing the amount of red, green, and blue. They can by any integer from 0-255. So the above color is a bright green (red=100, green=200, blue=0). Using color_rgb(50,50,50) would give a dark grey, and color_rgb(0,255,255) would be cyan (red off, green and blue full on).